First local child born with defect caused by Zika virus

By Paul Sisson | [email protected] | The San Diego Union-Tribune

UPDATED: March 29, 2017 at 3:32 AM PDT

A baby born recently in San Diego County is the first in the region to suffer devastating birth defects after the infant’s mother contracted Zika virus while traveling abroad.

Public-health officials said the case, announced Tuesday by the county government, is a tragic reminder that the risk of Zika infection continues in warmer climates even though mosquitoes are currently dormant here in San Diego.

“(While) there is currently no local spread of Zika, we still want to that we all have to be vigilant in protecting ourselves and our community from diseases like this,” said Dr. Sayone Thihalolipavan, a deputy public health officer with the county Health and Human Services Agency.

Pregnant women are urged to avoid going to countries where mosquitoes are actively transmitting the virus. Those who absolutely must travel to such locations are recommended to strictly follow guidelines designed to prevent mosquito bites, from using an effective repellent to wearing long-sleeved shirts and pants.

Little information was released Tuesday about the local family that has been directly affected by a medical crisis that now stretches from Mexico and South America to Asia. Citing privacy concerns, the county health department declined to disclose the child’s birth date or gender, or the country that the mother had visited.

A total of 87 people living in San Diego County have tested positive for Zika virus, and all of those infections occurred while the patients were in other nations. Seven of those individuals, including the mother who recently gave birth to the child with birth defects, are or were pregnant during their infection period, Thihalolipavan said.

Travel-related Zika concerns have created such a steady stream of requests for information from the county health department that an extra expert was hired to help handle the volume, he said.

“Some days we’ll have just one or two calls, but often we’ll have 10 to 20 per day where we’re working with (medical) providers who need more information,” Thihalolipavan said.

To date, he said, two of the region’s 87 infections were spread through sexual . One was transmitted from mother to baby before birth but did not cause microcephaly, the most common birth defect associated with the virus.

Microcephaly is the medical condition in which a baby is born with a head that is smaller than normal. The birth defect may cause no significant symptoms at birth, but many children with the condition later develop epilepsy, cerebral palsy, learning disabilities, hearing loss and vision problems, according to the World Health Organization.

Some children with microcephaly go on to experience normal development, and science has not figured out what spares certain kids but afflicts others.

In fact, scientists are trying to determine why most children born to Zika-infected women do not have birth defects. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1,228 pregnant women in the United States have been infected with Zika as of March 14. Fifty-four babies have been born with birth defects, and seven pregnancies have been lost before delivery due to birth defects.

Nationwide, there have been 4,861 travel-related cases of Zika infection, with an additional 222 presumed to be “locally transmitted” by mosquitoes in the United States. According to the CDC, 216 of the locally transmitted cases occurred in Florida, while the remaining six took place in Texas.

California has recorded 434 cases of Zika.

The aedes aegypti mosquito transmits Zika and has become active in San Diego County relatively recently. Chris Conlan, the county’s supervising vector ecologist, said while the region usually starts seeing some mosquito activity as early as May, the aegypti variant gets a later start.

“The mosquitoes that can transmit Zika tend to get more common later in summer, from August to October,” Conlan said.

To prevent mosquito bites, San Diego County health and insect-control officials recommends using insect repellents that contain active ingredients such as DEET, picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon, oil eucalyptus or para-menthane-diol. Sunscreen should be applied before any repellent, and pregnant or breast-feeding women should make sure to use an EPA-ed product and carefully follow instructions on the product’s labeling. Repellent should not be used on infants who are 2 months or younger.

Before booking a trip, people are advised to check the CDC’s travel warning page at cdc.gov/travel/notices for nation-specific information.

According to the World Health Organization’s latest Zika virus situation report, countries with active transmission include: